Natural heritage refers to the collection of natural features, ecosystems, species, and geological formations that are inherited from past generations, preserved in the present, and protected for future generations.
Natural heritage encompasses biodiversity, including flora and fauna, ecosystems, and geological structures, as well as natural sites of scientific, conservation, or aesthetic value. It includes physical and biological formations and areas that serve as habitats for threatened species or represent outstanding natural beauty. Unlike the more technical term "biodiversity," natural heritage is widely understood and emphasizes the importance of inheritance and stewardship across generations.
Natural heritage is crucial for maintaining ecological balance, supporting biodiversity, and providing ecosystem services such as water regulation, carbon storage, and soil fertility. It also contributes to scientific research, environmental education, and cultural identity, helping societies understand and appreciate the natural world. Protecting natural heritage ensures that future generations can experience and benefit from these resources.
Examples of natural heritage include national parks, biosphere reserves, and World Heritage sites. Globally recognized sites, such as the Belize Barrier Reef, Simien National Park in Ethiopia, and the Namib Sand Sea in Namibia, illustrate the diversity of natural heritage, ranging from marine ecosystems to deserts and mountainous regions. In Spain, protected areas like Doñana National Park and Garajonay National Park safeguard ecosystems and species while promoting public enjoyment and environmental education.
Natural heritage is protected through national and international frameworks, including the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, which recognizes sites of outstanding universal value and promotes their conservation. Protection measures include legal designations, conservation programs, and sustainable tourism practices, aiming to balance ecological preservation with human use and education. Currently, over 3.5 million km² of natural heritage sites are protected worldwide, highlighting the global commitment to safeguarding these irreplaceable resources.
Natural heritage represents the inherited natural wealth of our planet, encompassing ecosystems, species, and geological formations. Its conservation is essential for biodiversity, scientific knowledge, cultural identity, and sustainable development, ensuring that these natural treasures remain intact for future generations.
Natural heritage is present in our neighborhood parks, community gardens, and local nature reserves. These greenspaces provide vital habitats for native plants and wildlife, support pollinators, and offer residents opportunities for recreation and environmental learning. By nurturing and protecting these local areas, communities contribute directly to biodiversity and ensure that the benefits of natural heritage are accessible to everyone, not just visitors to world-famous sites.